5 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Design and fabrication of supercapacitors using 3D printing
This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonSupercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors, have shown great potential as energy storage devices; and 3D printing likewise as a manufacturing technique. This research progressively investigates combining these two technologies to fabricate 3D-printed, electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Small EDLCs were designed in a sandwich structure with an FDM-printed plastic frame and carbon electrodes. Inkjet printing was initially combined with FDM printing to produce a pilot sample with a silver ink current collector, however this performed poorly (Cs = 6 mF/g). Henceforth a paste extrusion system was added to the FDM printer to deposit the current collectors and electrodes, fabricating the entire device in a single continuous process. This process was progressively developed and tested, ultimately attaining specific capacitances of 200 mF/g. The fully integrated 3D printing process used to manufacture the EDLCs was a novel approach. Combining the FDM printer with a paste extruder allowed for a high degree of dimensional accuracy, as well as simplifying the production process. This aspect of the design functioned successfully, without significant faults, and proved a reliable fabrication method. The later designs used in this study provided the EDLCs extendable by incorporating connection jacks. This was to create the possibility to increase capacitance simply by connecting multiple EDLCs together. Tests of this feature showed that it worked well, with the extendable EDLCs delivering outputs very close to the theoretical maximum efficiency of the unit. Carbon conductive paint was applied as a current collector and electrode for the 3D printed EDLCs in an exploration of metal-free 3D printed supercapacitors. These metal-free EDLCs were found to provide around 60% of the specific capacitance of the best performing EDLC variant produced (silver paint current collectors with activated carbon and carbon paint mixture electrodes). Although considerable improvement is required to produce EDLC samples with comparable capacitances to existing commercial manufacturing techniques, this study lays important groundwork in this area, and has introduces effective and innovative design ideas for supercapacitors and integrated 3D printing processes
āļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđ 3 āļĄāļīāļāļī Development of Braille-making Devices on Pharmaceutical Labels using 3D Printers
āļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļāļāļļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļĄāļāđāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļĨāļāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļē āđāļāļĒāđāļāđāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđ 3 āļĄāļīāļāļīāđāļāļāļāļĩāļāđāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļēāļŠāļāļīāļ (Fused Deposition Modelling, FDM) āđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļŦāđāđāļ āļŠāļąāļāļāļĢāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāđāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļāļĩāđāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāđāļāđāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļĒāļĒāļēāđāļŦāđāļāļąāļāļāļđāđāļāļĩāđāļāļāļāļĢāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļāļāđāļŦāđāļ āđāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļāļģāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļĄāļāđāļāļąāđāļāļŦāļĄāļ 8 āļāļģ āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļģāļ§āđāļē āđāļāđāļē āļ§āļąāļ āđāļĒāđāļ āļāđāļāļ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļāļāļ 1 āđāļĨāļ° 2 āļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļģāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļēāļĒāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļāļĒāļē āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļąāđāļāđāļāđāļāļģāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāđāļāļĒāđāļāđāđāļāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ 3D CAD SolidWorks āđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđ 3 āļĄāļīāļāļī āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļģāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļĄāļēāļāļģāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļĄāļāđāļĨāļāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļē āđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđ āļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļĩāđāļāļāļāļĢāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļāļāđāļŦāđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļāļĩāđāļāļđāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļāļļāļāļāļđāļ āļĢāļ§āļĄāđāļāļāļķāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāđāļāļāļļāļāļāļāļāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļķāđāļ āļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļāļ§āđāļē āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļēāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĐāļāļĒāļđāđāļāļĩāđ 200.12 āđāļĄāļāļĢāļāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļĨāļēāļŠāļāļīāļ āļāļĒāļđāđāļāļĩāđ 296.67 āđāļĄāļāļĢāļāļ āļāđāļēāļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļāļēāļ ECMA Euro Braille āļāļēāļ European Carton Makers Association āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļĢāļđāđāļāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļĩāđāļāļāļāļĢāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļāļāđāļŦāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđ āđāļāļĒāđāļāđāđāļ§āļĨāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļēāļāļąāđāļ 8 āļāļģ āļāļĩāđāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĐāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļĨāļāļĨāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒ 12.8 āļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļĩ āđāļĨāļ° 14.80 āļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļĩ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļĒāļēāļāļĨāļēāļŠāļāļīāļ āđāļāļĒāļāđāļāļāļļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļļāļ āļąāļāļāđāļĒāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđ 3 āļĄāļīāļāļī āļāļĒāļđāđāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļēāļ 160 āļāļēāļāļāđāļ 1 āļāļąāļ§āļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđ āļŠāļĢāļļāļāđāļāđāļ§āđāļē āļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāđāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđ 3 āļĄāļīāļāļī āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļģāđāļāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļĄāļāđāļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđāļāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļēāđāļāđThe research aims to develop braille-making devices for braille printing on drug labels, using fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers. This device enables pharmacists to create braille immediately in the process of dispensing medicines to the visually impaired. In this research the eight words were determined, consisting of morning, daytime, evening, before, after, bedtime, 1 and 2, a group of words applied to describe how to take the drug. After that, the braille creation device was designed using 3D CAD SolidWorks and manufactured using a 3D printer, then used the braille creation device to print on the drug label and assess the height of the braille letter. Evaluates the ability to recognize and interpret braille letters printed with a nudge device. This includes estimating the cost of the equipment that has been created. The results showed that the braille letter height on the drug paper label is 200.12 microns, and the braille height on the drug label on the plastic envelope is 296.67 microns which is satisfactory according to the ECMA Euro Braille standard from the European Carton Makers Association. The ability to read and translate braille on sticker paper is around 12.8 seconds and 14.80 seconds on a drug plastic bag. The cost of developing a braille device on a 3D printer drug label was approximately 160 baht per braille. These results implied that braille-based equipment on drug labels using a 3D printer can be used to create braille on pharmaceutical labelsKeywords:Â āļāļąāļāļĐāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĨāļĨāđ; āļāļĨāļēāļāļĒāļē; āđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđ 3 āļĄāļīāļāļī; braille; drug labels; 3D printin
āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļīāļāļŦāļĄāļķāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđāļĢāļāļāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāļĩāļāļēāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļģāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļĨāļīāļāļāļĢāļĢāļāļļāļ āļąāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļāļąāļ§
āļ§āļēāļĢāļŠāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒ āļĄāļāļĢ.āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļĢ, āļāļĩāļāļĩāđ 15, āļāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđ 2 (āļ.āļ.-āļ.āļ. 2564), āļŦāļāđāļē 63-74The research proposes to find an optimum ratio of solvent based white ink for flexible package development by studying and comparing the qualification of white ink on plastic film. The process consists of separating the white ink ratio into 5 sampling group ratios and then examining ink quality by itsâ solid content and grinding. The viscosity is controlled in 16 second and then measured by Zahnâs cup no. 3. The sampling ink is printed and inspected printing quality by (1) E*ab and opacity on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic film and oriented polypropylene (OPP) and (2) bond strength by extrusion. The result shows that sampling ink with hardener substances and ink and varnish ratio is at 90:10 certifies in all aspects compare with other sample. Indicators are the net present value (NPV), Benefit/Cost Ratio: B/C Ratio, Pay Back Period and internal rate of return of investment (IRR). The Feasibility Study found that the projects are the net present value (NPV) of 5,053,593 baht, payback period of 1 year 8 month and rate of return on investment (IRR) was 54.79 %. B/C ratio = 1.25Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho